The Mayo Clinic’s Addison’s Disease page offers a comprehensive, medically reviewed explanation of this rare but serious endocrine disorder. Addison’s disease, also known as primary adrenal insufficiency, occurs when the adrenal glands don’t produce enough of certain crucial hormones—specifically cortisol and, often, aldosterone. These hormones help regulate metabolism, blood pressure, and the body’s stress response.
The article explains that Addison’s disease is typically caused by an autoimmune reaction that damages the adrenal cortex. Other less common causes include infections, cancer, or surgical removal of the adrenal glands. The guide details how Addison’s can develop gradually, often going undiagnosed until symptoms worsen or an adrenal crisis occurs.
Common symptoms include fatigue, weight loss, low blood pressure, salt cravings, abdominal pain, muscle weakness, and darkening of the skin. The Mayo Clinic highlights that symptoms are often vague and nonspecific, making diagnosis challenging in early stages. If left untreated, the condition can progress to an adrenal crisis, a life-threatening emergency that requires immediate medical attention.
For diagnosis, the resource outlines blood tests and ACTH stimulation tests used to evaluate hormone levels. Imaging may also be used to assess adrenal gland structure. Treatment involves lifelong hormone replacement therapy with corticosteroids to replace missing hormones and manage symptoms.
The article also emphasizes the importance of ongoing monitoring and being prepared for emergencies. Patients are encouraged to carry a medical alert ID and have injectable corticosteroids on hand in case of adrenal crisis.
Overall, this Mayo Clinic resource serves as a reliable, easy-to-understand guide for patients, caregivers, and health professionals. It balances clinical insight with practical advice, empowering individuals to recognize symptoms, seek timely care, and manage Addison’s disease effectively throughout life.
