Psoriasis

Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune skin condition where the immune system speeds up the life cycle of skin cells. This causes skin cells to build up on the surface, forming thick, scaly patches that can itch, crack, and bleed. It is not contagious and can range from mild to severe. Psoriasis often comes in cycles, with flare-ups followed by periods of remission.

Skin symptoms: Thick, red patches of skin with silvery-white scales; Dry, cracked skin that may bleed; Itching, burning, or soreness; Nail changes (pitting, crumbling, separation from the nail bed); Scalp involvement (flaking like dandruff, but thicker). Other symptoms: Joint pain, stiffness, or swelling (in psoriatic arthritis). Flares may be triggered by stress, infections, cold weather, injury, or certain medications.

Caused by an overactive immune system that mistakenly attacks healthy skin cells, causing inflammation and rapid skin cell turnover. Triggers and risk factors include genetics (family history), stress, infections (like strep throat or COVID-19), cold or dry weather, skin injuries (cuts, sunburns), and certain medications (e.g., beta-blockers, lithium).

Physical examination of the skin, scalp, and nails; Medical history and symptom discussion; Skin biopsy (rare, only if uncertain).

Topical treatments (for mild to moderate cases): Corticosteroids, Vitamin D analogs (e.g., calcipotriene), Coal tar or salicylic acid, Moisturizers and emollients. Phototherapy: UVB or PUVA light therapy under medical supervision. Systemic medications (for moderate to severe cases): Methotrexate, cyclosporine, acitretin; Biologic therapies (e.g., adalimumab, etanercept, secukinumab) that target specific immune responses.

Psoriasis is a lifelong condition, but many people achieve good control with treatment. Severity varies - some people have small patches, others have widespread inflammation. People with psoriasis may have higher risk for psoriatic arthritis, heart disease, and depression or anxiety.

Affects about 2-3% of the global population. Can begin at any age, but most often between 15 and 35. Equally common in men and women. More common in people with European ancestry.